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【江戸城】明治古写真◆二重櫓写真師昔戦後台紙肖像偉人物幕末帯刀武士藩士風景色大名華族徳川家康皇居東京神社寺初期城壁築城戦国時代武将
        

  • Product Quantity
    : 1
  • Starting Bid
    :39,999円
  • Highest Bidder
    : / Rating:
  • Listing Date
    :Jun 13, 2026 08:52
  • Bidding closes on
    :Jun 20, 2026 20:50
  • Auction Number
    :t1233406330
  • Item Condition
    :Damaged and stained (specify in description)
  • Auto Extension
    :No
  • Authentication
    :Yes(Description)
  • Early Close
    :Yes
  • Can I return the product?
    :no
  • Description
  • Q&A ()
  • Estimated Cost
  • Report an Issue
江戸城(えどじょう)は、室町期から江戸期にかけて[1]、武蔵国豊嶋郡江戸にあった城。位置的には関東平野の南端、江戸湾の北隅にあり、関東の陸上交通および水上交通の要と言える場所にあった[1]。江戸時代は江戸幕府の政庁が置かれ、徳川将軍家15代の居城だった。千代田城(ちよだじょう)とも呼ばれた[1]。

日本一の大きさの、巨大な惣構えの城郭であり、濠が時計回りの渦巻状に幾重も巡らしてあり、場所は現在の地名で言えば、内郭部分が東京都千代田区[注釈 1]あたりだが、惣構えの城郭で肝心なのはむしろ外側の濠のほうであり、城の西側の端は真田濠さなだぼりであり現在の四谷付近(北半分が四ツ谷駅、南半分が上智大学のグラウンド敷地)[2][3]、惣構えの東側の端は隅田川であり、当初は防御のために意図的に橋をかけていなかった[4]。外堀の北端は飯田橋付近の牛込門(現在の牛込見附)であり、西から東に向かって流れる神田川に面しており[5]、江戸城の南端は虎ノ門見附であり、現在の虎ノ門駅付近であった[6][7]。[注釈 2]江戸城の前身は、1457年に扇谷上杉氏の家臣太田道灌が築いた平山城である(麹町台地の東端にあった)。

1590年に徳川家康が江戸城に入城し徳川家の居城となった。そのころは武蔵野台地の東端にある、いくつかの小さな建物から成る"城"(砦)で、東側のすぐ下に日比谷入江が入り込んでいた。徳川家康が関ヶ原の戦いで勝利し征夷大将軍となり、江戸に日本の幕府が置かれると、諸国の大名を動員して巨大な濠と石垣を時計回りの渦巻状に巡らして日本一の巨大な惣構えを築くための大規模な拡張工事が、特に初代将軍徳川家康存命中の1603年(慶長8年)から10年の間に集中的に行われ、徳川秀忠が将軍の座を譲られ第二代将軍であった時期(1605年から1623年)、および第三代将軍徳川家光の代にも拡張工事が行われ、家光が将軍だった時期である1636年(寛永13年)に江戸城の西の端の外濠である真田濠の工事を完了したことで、巨大な惣構えの城が完成した。

これにより総構えの周囲約4里[9]、総面積が約20.82 平方キロメートル(2082ヘクタール)の巨大城郭となり、これは日本で2番目に広い大阪城の約5倍の面積であり[10]、日本最大面積の城郭になった[11]。

これを現代の距離や面積で表示すると、外郭は周囲約15.7キロメートル、東西が約5.45キロメートル、南北約3.82キロメートルあり、面積の"約2,082ヘクタール"というのは、現代の千代田区(1,166ヘクタール)の1.7倍の面積という巨大さだった[12]。

およそ260年にわたり、徳川幕府の政庁、15代におよぶ徳川将軍およびその家臣団が政務を行う場所となった。将軍は江戸城内に住み、将軍の家族女性らが住む大奥も設けられた。将軍の補佐役の老中やその下の若年寄などは月番制つまり月替わり制でそれぞれ数名が担当し、江戸城周辺の屋敷から日々登城(出勤)した[13]。

江戸城に出勤する役方と呼ばれる人々は老中や若年寄以外にも目付、奉行、小姓等々もいた。また江戸城には番方と呼ばれる警護・警備の仕事をする人々も必要で、一日を3分割して3交代制で勤務した。それらを合算すると日中の江戸城には五千人ほどの男性が常駐していたと推算され[要出典]、さらに大奥には幕末期で約1,000人、その以前の時期では600 - 700人ほどの婦女子がいたと言われている[14]ので、時間帯により人の出入りや増減はあるにせよ日中は六千名ほどが江戸城内にいたと推算される[要出典]。

現在でも見られる江戸城の姿
江戸城外堀は明治時代以降、鉄道用地や都市開発のために多くが埋め立てられ、水面の多くが失われたが、現在も飯田橋から四ツ谷、赤坂見附にかけての区間には掘割が残り水路として利用されており、「江戸城外堀跡」は国指定の史跡(特別史跡)に指定されている[15][16]。また北の丸[注釈 3]は北の丸公園として開放されており、誰でも散歩が可能である。時刻によるが、田安門と田安門櫓、清水門なども散歩が可能である。

築城まで
江戸(武蔵国豊島郡江戸郷。現在の東京都区部の一部)は、元来、平川(日本橋川の前身で日比谷入江に注いだ)河口部の東岸で、神田山(駿河台)に挟まれた地を指した。浅草方向へ向かう古代の東海道(常陸国へ至る)がこの河口部を渡っていた。
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    Product name: 【江戸城】明治古写真◆二重櫓写真師昔戦後台紙肖像偉人物幕末帯刀武士藩士風景色大名華族徳川家康皇居東京神社寺初期城壁築城戦国時代武将
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